RoundSkirt

organic cotton goods

2006-10-30T08:55:00.000-08:00

Liv organic cotton goods are soft luxurious nad affordable and they have a huge range of organic clothing.

Zaharias, Babe Didrikson

2005-04-04T00:36:00.000-07:00

William Oscar Johnson and Nancy P. Williamson, "Whatta-Gal": The Babe Didrikson Story (1977); and Susan E. Cayleff, Babe: The Life and Legend of Babe Didrikson Zaharias (1995), examine her life and career.

Ribbon Worm

2005-04-03T13:31:00.000-07:00

Also called Bootlace Worm, Proboscis Worm, Nemertine, or Nemertean, any member of the invertebrate phylum Nemertea (sometimes called Nemertinea, or Rhynchocoela), which includes mainly free-living forms but also a few parasites of crustaceans, mollusks, and sea squirts. The majority of the approximately 900 known nemertean species are found in marine habitats. Some, however, live in freshwater or on land. The name proboscis worm derives

Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich

2005-04-03T03:10:00.000-07:00

Russian novelist, poet, and playwright, whose major works include the short-story collection A Sportsman's Sketches (1852) and the novels Rudin (1856), Home of the Gentry (1859), On the Eve (1860), and Fathers and Sons (1862). These works offer realistic, affectionate portrayals of the Russian peasantry and penetrating

Adam, Adolphe

2005-04-02T09:22:00.000-08:00

Adam wrote 71 operas, the best of which are generally considered to be Le Postillon de Longjumeau (1836) and Giralda (1850). In his ballets—which he composed for production in London, Berlin,

Gabon, Industry

2005-04-01T04:40:00.000-08:00

Gabon is one of the world's largest producers of manganese. Expansion of production at Moanda has been possible since the completion of the railroad to nearby Franceville in December 1986 and by the completion of improved ore handling facilities at the rail terminus at the deepwater port of Owendo in 1988. The exploitation and processing of uranium, which began 16 miles north

Lee, Sammy

2005-03-31T00:13:00.000-08:00

In 1942, while a student at Occidental College (Los Angeles), Lee won his first national championship with victories in both the 3-metre springboard and 10-metre platform events. Standing only 5 feet 1 inch, Lee utilized his short stature in his dives, tucking tighter and

Biblical Literature, The patristic period

2005-03-30T20:40:00.000-08:00

Alexandria had long boasted a school of classical study that practiced the allegorical interpretation of the Homeric epics and the Greek myths. This method of exegesis was taken over by Philo and from him by Christian scholars of Alexandria in the 2nd and 3rd centuries. Clement of Alexandria (c. 150–c. 215) and Origen (c. 185–c. 254) did not completely rule out the literal sense of

Hoisin Sauce

2005-03-30T07:47:00.000-08:00

Commercially prepared, thick reddish-brown sauce used in Chinese cuisine both as an ingredient in cooking and as a table condiment. Made from soybeans, flour, sugar, water, spices, garlic, and chili, it is sweet and spicy. It is used in cooking shellfish and fatty meats such as pork and duck. As a condiment, hoisin sauce is eaten with shrimp, pork, and poultry and is invariably

Grabbe, Christian Dietrich

2005-03-29T20:33:00.000-08:00

Grabbe studied law in Leipzig and made unsuccessful attempts at acting and directing in Berlin. After quarrelling with the poet Heinrich Heine and members of Young Germany (a politically radical literary movement) and failing in attempts to get

Staff, Leopold

2005-03-29T02:07:00.000-08:00

After completing his education in Lwów, Staff moved to Kraków, which in the 1890s was the centre of Polish literary life. There he came into close contact with representatives of the Young

Simeon I

2005-03-28T14:35:00.000-08:00

His dominant ambition, which was to himself ascend the imperial throne of Byzantium—an aspiration

Sundance Kid

2005-03-27T13:57:00.000-08:00

Harry Longabaugh left home when he was 15 and took his nickname from the town of Sundance, where

Sail

2005-03-27T09:37:00.000-08:00

The first sails were most likely animal skins that were used to harness wind power for rafts or boats consisting of a single log. The next probable step was the use of woven reed mats stretched between poles. Depictions of cloth sails appear in predynastic (c. 3300 BC) Egyptian art, and

Spaniel

2005-03-27T01:54:00.000-08:00

The cocker spaniel is a small dog standing 14 to 15 inches (36 to 39 centimetres) and weighing 22 to 29 pounds (10 to 13 kilograms). Compact and sturdily built, it has a rounded head, floppy ears, and

China, The barbarians: Tangut, Khitan, and Juchen

2005-03-25T19:23:00.000-08:00

On the frontier the far-reaching influence of T'ang culture affected various nomadic, seminomadic, and pastoral peoples.

Swanton, John Reed

2005-03-24T13:32:00.000-08:00

Swanton studied with anthropologist Franz Boas at Columbia University for two years but received

Aube River

2005-03-23T23:08:00.000-08:00

River, north central France, navigable tributary of the Seine, which it joins above Romilly. The Aube and its tributary, the Aujon, rise on the Langres Plateau, flowing northwest for 154 mi (248 km) in trenchlike valleys across the dry oolitic limestone country. In front of the Côte des Bars escarpment, the valleys open out as stone gives way to clay at Montigny-le-Roi and Châteauvillain.

Auerbach, Berthold

2005-03-22T10:41:00.000-08:00

Auerbach prepared for the rabbinate, but, estranged from Jewish orthodoxy by the study of the 17th-century Dutch philosopher Benedict de Spinoza, he turned instead to literature. Spinoza's life formed the basis of his first novel (1837); a translation

Adams, John

2005-03-21T22:05:00.000-08:00

Early advocate of American independence from Great Britain, major figure in the Continental Congress (1774–77), author of the Massachusetts constitution (1780), signer of the Treaty of Paris (1783), first American ambassador to the Court of St. James (1785–88), first vice president (1789–97) and second president (1797–1801) of the United States. Although Adams was regarded by his contemporaries as one of the most significant statesmen of the revolutionary era, his reputation faded in the 19th century, only to ascend again during the last half of the 20th century. The modern edition of his correspondence prompted a rediscovery of his bracing honesty and pungent way with words, his importance as a political thinker, his realistic perspective on American foreign policy, and his patriarchal role as founder of one of the most prominent families in American history. (For a discussion of the history and nature of the presidency, see presidency of the United States of America. See also Cabinet of President John Adams.)

Holly

2005-03-20T07:05:00.000-08:00

Any of the shrubs and trees of the genus Ilex, in the family Aquifoliaceae, comprising about 400 species of red- or black-berried plants, including the popular Christmas hollies. They have alternate, simple leaves and single or clustered, small, usually greenish flowers (male and female being usually on separate plants). English holly (I. aquifolium), a tree growing

Charadriiform, Molt

2005-03-19T05:55:00.000-08:00

Most Charadriiformes have two molts between breeding periods, which are on an annual cycle in all except some populations of the sooty tern (Sterna fuscata). A partial body molt generally precedes breeding, and a complete molt follows breeding. In some species flight feathers of the wing and tail are molted before the fall migration; in others they are retained through

Matthau, Walter

2005-03-18T07:57:00.000-08:00

Born into a family of Jewish-Russian immigrants, he was compelled to work at a very early age. By the time he was 11, he was employed at the concession stand in a Lower East Side Yiddish theatre. To pick up extra money, he began playing bit

Fable, Parable, And Allegory, Diversity of forms

2005-03-17T14:09:00.000-08:00

Since an allegorical purpose can inform works of literature in a wide range of genres, it is not surprising to find that the largest allegories are epic in scope. A quest forms the narrative thread of both the Greek epic Odyssey and the Latin, Aeneid, and it is an allegory of the quest for heroic perfection; thus, allegory is aligned with the epic form. Romances, both prose

Endoscopy

2005-03-16T19:55:00.000-08:00

Medical examination of the interior of the body, usually through a natural body opening, by the insertion of a lighted optical shaft or open tube. It is customarily performed with local anesthesia. Instruments used include the esophagoscope, a rigid pipe for examination of the esophagus; the bronchoscope, a similar pipe for examination of the bronchial tubes; and

Huitzilopochtli

2005-03-16T04:57:00.000-08:00

Traditionally,

Aschelminth

2005-03-15T04:49:00.000-08:00

There is a much larger literature on the nematodes than other aschelminths because of their importance to humans. Introductory works include Neil A. Croll and Bernard E. Matthews, Biology of Nematodes (1977); Armand Maggenti, General Nematology (1981); Warwick L. Nicholas, The Biology of Free-Living Nematodes, 2nd ed. (1984); and George O. Poinar, Jr., The Natural History of Nematodes (1983). Parasitic forms are discussed in William R. Nickle (ed.), Plant and Insect Nematodes (1984); Gerald D. Schmidt and Larry S. Roberts, Foundations of Parasitology, 3rd ed. (1985); and Norman D. Levine, Nematode Parasites of Domestic Animals and Man (1980). Nematodes in biologic research are the subject of Bert M. Zuckerman (ed.), Nematodes as Biological Models, 2 vol. (1980).

Confession Of Faith

2005-03-15T03:19:00.000-08:00

The medieval Christian Church did not attempt an official codification of

Felsic Rock

2005-03-14T18:20:00.000-08:00

Igneous rock dominated by the light-coloured, silicon- and aluminum-rich minerals feldspar and quartz (qq.v.). The presence of these minerals gives felsic rock its characteristic light gray colour. The silica (SiO2) content of felsic rock is greater than about 60 percent by weight. Slight colour variations result from the presence of small amounts of mafic minerals (i.e., dark

Asbjørnsen, Peter Christen; And Moe, Jørgen Engebretsen

2005-03-13T08:45:00.000-08:00

Closely united in their lives and work, the two men are rarely named separately. They met as youths in 1827 and became “blood

Asafetida

2005-03-12T19:49:00.000-08:00

Gum resin prized as a condiment in India and Iran, where it is used to flavour curries, meatballs, and pickles. It has been used in Europe and the United States in perfumes and for flavouring. Acrid in taste, it emits a strong onionlike odour because of its organic sulfur compounds. It is obtained chiefly from the plant Ferula foetida of the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae).

Tsuzumi

2005-03-12T00:38:00.000-08:00

Any of various Japanese two-headed drums with hourglass-shaped (waisted) bodies. Ancient Japanese court orchestra music had three types of these drums, of which only the san no tsuzumi form survives in komagaku style (courtly music of Japanese, Korean, and other non-Chinese, non-Indian ancestry). Better-known tsuzumi are found in the music of No and Kabuki theatres. The

Auburn

2005-03-11T23:39:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1854) of Androscoggin county, southwestern Maine, U.S., on the Androscoggin River opposite Lewiston and part of the Lewiston-Auburn metropolitan area. Settled in 1786, Auburn was separated from Minot in 1842 and is supposed to have been named for the Auburn of Oliver Goldsmith's poem The Deserted Village. The manufacture of shoes was once the city's chief industry. Today diversified

West Liberty State College

2005-03-10T08:29:00.000-08:00

Public, coeducational institution of higher learning in West Liberty, West Virginia, U.S. It is a four-year liberal arts college that confers two-year associate as well as bachelor's degrees. The campus is on a hilltop in a rural region of northern West Virginia that is near the metropolitan areas of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Steubenville, Ohio; and Wheeling, West Virginia.

Marsala

2005-03-10T07:08:00.000-08:00

Latin Lilybaeum, town, Trapani province, western Sicily, Italy. It is situated on the Boeo Cape, also called Lilibeo, south of Trapani. It originated as Lilybaeum, which was founded by the Carthaginians in 397–396 BC after the destruction of the offshore island of Motya (modern San Pantaleo) by Dionysius the Elder, tyrant of Syracuse. Serving as the Carthaginians' principal stronghold in Sicily,

Ahmad Khan, Sir Sayyid

2005-03-09T04:14:00.000-08:00

Sayyid also spelled Syad, or Syed, Ahmad also spelled Ahmed Muslim educator, jurist, and author, founder of the Anglo-Mohammedan Oriental College at Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, and the principal motivating force behind the revival of Indian Islam in the late 19th century. His works, in Urdu, include Essays on the Life of Mohammed (1870) and commentaries on the Bible and on the Qur'an. In 1888 he was made a Knight Commander

Stabiae

2005-03-08T03:31:00.000-08:00

The town was originally settled by Oscan-speaking people, the native inhabitants of Campania. It entered the Social War (the “war of the allies” against Rome) in 90 BC and was destroyed

Levi Ben Gershom

2005-03-08T02:25:00.000-08:00

In 1321 Levi wrote his first work, Sefer ha-mispar (“Book of the Number”), dealing with arithmetical operations, including extraction of roots. In De sinibus, chordis et arcubus (1342; “On Sines, Chords, and Arcs”) he presented an original derivation of the sine theorem for plane triangles

Ringworm

2005-03-07T00:42:00.000-08:00

Superficial skin lesions caused by certain fungi that live and multiply on the surface of the skin and feed on keratin, the horny protein constituting the major part of the outermost layer of the skin and of the hair and nails. The fungi produce responses in the skin that vary from slight scaling to blistering and marked disruption of the keratin layer. The lesions

I-ch'ang

2005-03-06T10:40:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Yichang, city in western Hupeh sheng (province), China. I-ch'ang stands on the left bank of the middle Yangtze River, immediately below the entrance to the magnificent gorges of the Ta-pa Mountains to the west, and has a harbour formed by the small island of Hsia-pa. The level of the river, which has a violent current, varies enormously—sometimes by as much as 50 feet (15 m) between high and low

Baikonur

2005-03-06T08:34:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Baykonur, Baykonyr, or Bajkonur, also called Tyuratam, or Turatam, former Soviet and current Russian space centre in south-central Kazakstan. Baikonur was a Soviet code name for the centre, but American analysts often called it Tyuratam, after the railroad station at Tyuratam (Leninsk), the nearest large city. Baikonur lies on the north bank of the Syr Darya, about 100 miles (160 km) northwest of Qyzylorda. The Soviet Union's secretiveness about

Water Glass

2005-03-05T11:47:00.000-08:00

Also called Sodium Silicate, or Soluble Glass, crystal-like lumps that range from colourless to white or grayish white and resemble glass but can be dissolved in water to form a syrupy liquid. Some forms are slightly soluble, and some are almost insoluble; they are best dissolved by heating with water under pressure. A little water dissolves water glass more readily than much water does. The solutions are strongly

Van Der Zee, James

2005-03-05T09:08:00.000-08:00

Van Der Zee made his first photographs as a boy in Lenox, Massachusetts. By 1906 he had moved with his father and brother to Harlem in New York City, where he worked as a waiter and elevator operator. In 1915 Van Der Zee moved to Newark, New Jersey, where he took

Wolof

2005-03-03T10:14:00.000-08:00

The typical rural community is small (about 100 persons). Most Wolof are farmers, growing peanuts (groundnuts) as a cash crop and millet and sorghum as staples; many, however, live and work in Dakar and Banjul as traders, goldsmiths, tailors, carpenters,

Force, Juliana Rieser

2005-03-02T14:25:00.000-08:00

Juliana Reiser (later changed to Rieser) at an early age went to work as a secretary. After directing a secretarial school in New York City, she

'umar I

2005-03-02T07:06:00.000-08:00

A member of the clan of 'Adi of the Meccan tribe of Quraysh (Koreish), 'Umar at first opposed Muhammad but, about 615, became a Muslim. By 622, when he went to Medina with Muhammad and the other Meccan Muslims,

Judaism, Martin Buber

2005-02-28T18:14:00.000-08:00

Since the early years of the 20th century, Martin Buber has exercised a powerful influence on both Jews and non-Jews. In his early period Buber was led, partly through empathy with Jewish and non-Jewish mysticism, to stress unitive experience and knowledge, in which the difference between one man and another and between man and God tend to disappear. But in his final period

Eckstine, Billy

2005-02-28T13:20:00.000-08:00

Eckstine left Howard University after winning an amateur contest in 1933 and began singing in nightclubs and with xance bands. From 1939 to 1943 he sang with Earl Hines's band, and at his urging Hines hired

Puu Kukui

2005-02-28T01:47:00.000-08:00

Volcanic peak, Maui county, western Maui Island, Hawaii, U.S. It is the highest peak (5,788 feet [1,764 m]) of an 18-mile (29-kilometre) stretch of mountains, the Honolua volcanic series, which dominates the western peninsula of Maui. Puu Kukui (meaning “candlenut hill”) was formed by a volcano whose caldera has eroded into the scenic valley of Iao.

Amritsar, Treaty Of

2005-02-27T22:49:00.000-08:00

(April 25, 1809), pact concluded between Charles T. Metcalfe, representing the British East India Company, and Ranjit Singh, head of the Sikh kingdom of Punjab (Pañjab); it settled Indo-Sikh relations for a generation. The immediate occasion was the French threat to northwestern India, following Napoleon's Treaty of Tilsit with Russia (1807) and Ranjit's attempt to bring the Cis-Sutlej

Wycherley, William

2005-02-27T20:24:00.000-08:00

English dramatist who attempted to reconcile in his plays a personal conflict between deep-seated puritanism and an ardent physical nature. He perhaps succeeded best in The Country-Wife (1675), in which satiric comment on excessive jealousy and complacency was blended with a richly comic presentation, the characters

Tobogganing

2005-02-27T07:43:00.000-08:00

The runnerless toboggan was originally an American Indian sled made of poles tied together with thongs. The modern version is usually built of thin, straight-grained

Swabian Alp

2005-02-25T23:52:00.000-08:00

German Swäbische Alb, continuation of the Jura Mountains in Baden-Württemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany. The upland plateau extends approximately 100 miles (160 km) from the Black Forest (Schwarzwald) to the Wörnitz River at an average elevation of about 2,300 feet (700 m). The plateau rises in a steep northwestern scarp some 1,300 feet (400 m) above the valleys of the Neckar, Rems, and Fils rivers to its highest

Manaus

2005-02-24T04:57:00.000-08:00

City and river port, capital of Amazonas estado (“state”), northwestern Brazil. It lies along the north bank of the Negro River, 11 miles (18 km) above that river's influx into the Amazon River. Manaus is situated in the heart of the Amazon rainforest, 900 miles (1,450 km) inland from the Atlantic coast. The city, on a terrace overlooking the river, is traversed by several side channels called

Pacific Ocean, Economic aspects

2005-02-23T20:17:00.000-08:00

A detailed review of Pacific Ocean minerals, including those contained in seawater and those on or beneath the ocean floor, is offered in G.P. Glasby, “Marine Minerals in the Pacific,” Oceanography and Marine Biology 24:1–64 (1986). Information on economic and other resources of the ocean areas is also found in such works as Asia & Oceania, vol. 4 of the Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations, 7th ed., 5 vol. (1988); Fillmore C.F. Earney, Marine Mineral Resources (1990); and FAO Yearbook: Fishery Statistics. John P. Craven, The Management of Pacific Marine Resources (1982), offers well-written, scholarly coverage of resources and their management, or in some cases mismanagement; details on fisheries, shipping, scientific research, and maritime law are given in Edward Miles et al., The Management of Marine Regions: The North Pacific (1982); and Peter N. Nemetz (ed.), The Pacific Rim (1987), studies commerce, economic conditions, foreign investments, and resources in the Pacific Rim countries. Another valuable overview of economic conditions, international business enterprises, marine resources, and regionalism is Endel-Jacob Kolde, The Pacific Quest: The Concept and Scope of an Oceanic Community (1976); and Henry S. Albinski et al., The South Pacific (1989), studies the “New Pacific” and the economic, political, and social problems of island nations that have achieved independence since World War II.

Murat River

2005-02-23T15:13:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Murad River, Turkish Murat Nehri, river, the major headstream of the Euphrates. In antiquity it was called Arsanias. The river rises north of Lake Van near Mount Ararat, in eastern Turkey, and flows westward for 449 miles (722 km) through a mountainous region to unite with the Karasu Çayi and form the Upper Euphrates near Malatya. Turkey's largest dam, the Keban, west of Elâzig, completed in 1974, is designed to provide electric

South Ayrshire

2005-02-23T05:16:00.000-08:00

Cattle are raised on the Kyle plain in the north, and cattle and sheep on the Carrick uplands

South Ayrshire

2005-02-21T01:23:00.000-08:00

Formerly General and Municipal Workers' Union (GMWU) third largest trade union in Great Britain and one of the two giant general unions (the other being the Transport and General Workers' Union). The General and Municipal Workers' Union was formed in 1924 by the merger of the National Union of Gas and General Workers, the National Amalgamated Union of Labour, and the Municipal Employees' Association. From the start the union's

Pumpkin

2005-02-20T22:57:00.000-08:00

Fruit of certain varieties of Cucurbita pepo or of C. moschata, members of the family Cucurbitaceae. The names pumpkin and squash, especially in the United States, are applied inconsistently to certain varieties of both these species. The quick-growing, small-fruited bush, or nontrailing, varieties of C. pepo are called squash (q.v.) in America, while the long-season, long-trailing,

Angular Velocity

2005-02-20T11:14:00.000-08:00

In engineering, angles or angular displacements are commonly expressed in degrees or revolutions (of 360°), and angular velocities in

Wolf

2005-02-19T10:10:00.000-08:00

The gray wolf has a larger natural

Frame Story

2005-02-19T08:49:00.000-08:00

Also called frame tale overall unifying story within which one or more tales are related. In the single story, the opening and closing constitutes a frame. In the cyclical frame story—that is, a story in which several tales are related—some frames are externally imposed and only loosely bind the diversified stories. For example, the Jataka, a treasury of some 550 ancient Indian folktales, is cast

Arabia, History Of, Dedan and Al-Hijr

2005-02-18T19:30:00.000-08:00

It is possible that the Minaean settlement at Dedan (see above) coexisted with a native Dedanite town. But only one “king of Dedan” is recorded. This kingdom seems to have been replaced quite soon by a kingdom of Lihyan (Greek: Lechienoi). The entire area, however, was not long in coming under the rule of the Nabataean kings of a dynasty (centred at Petra) covering the 1st century BC and

Romany Language

2005-02-17T09:38:00.000-08:00

It is likely,

Kekri

2005-02-16T05:04:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Keyri, or Käyri, in ancient Finnish religion, a feast day marking the end of the agricultural season that also coincided with the time when the cattle were taken in from pasture and settled for a winter's stay in the barn. Kekri originally fell on Michaelmas, September 29, but was later shifted to November 1, All Saints' Day. In the old system of reckoning time, Kekri was a critical period between

Proboscis Monkey

2005-02-15T18:10:00.000-08:00

(Nasalis larvatus) long-tailed arboreal monkey, family Cercopithecidae, found in the swampy mangrove forests of Borneo. The proboscis monkey is red-brown with pale underparts. The nose is long and pendulous in the male, smaller in the female, and upturned in the young. The male is about 56–72 cm (22–28 inches) long without the 66–75-centimetre (26–29-inch) tail and weighs 12–24 kg (26–53 pounds); the female is

Mine

2005-02-14T23:25:00.000-08:00

In military and naval operations, a usually stationary explosive device that is designed to destroy personnel, ships, or vehicles when the latter come in contact with it. Submarine mines have been in use since the mid-19th century; land mines did not become a significant factor in warfare until a hundred years later.

Giresun

2005-02-14T01:45:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Keresun, city and seaport, northeastern Turkey. It lies along the Black Sea about 110 miles (175 km) west of Trabzon. The older parts of the city lie on a peninsula crowned by a ruined Byzantine fortress, sheltering the small natural harbour. Nearby is Giresun Island, in ancient times called Ares. Giresun was known to the ancient Greeks as Choerades or Pharnacia and to the Romans as Kerasous

Belasco, David

2005-02-13T16:38:00.000-08:00

As a child actor, Belasco appeared with Charles Kean in Richard III and later played in stock companies touring the mining camps. During

China, The practice of government

2005-02-13T09:47:00.000-08:00

As the final arbiter of power, the emperor—and at times the empress dowager—issued edicts declaring the Imperial will. Such instructions often took the form of repeating officials' proposals with a note of approval. Some edicts were couched as comments on the current situation and called in general terms for an improvement in the quality of government or for more

Bacchelli, Riccardo

2005-02-12T16:23:00.000-08:00

Bacchelli attended the University of Bologna but left without a degree in 1912. He became a contributor to literary journals. Bacchelli published a

Outremeuse, Jean D'

2005-02-11T21:00:00.000-08:00

D'Outremeuse was no accurate

Qiryat Shemona

2005-02-11T19:50:00.000-08:00

Town, at the northwest of the 'Emeq Hula (Hula Valley), extreme northern Israel. The name Qiryat Shemona (“Town of the Eight”) commemorates the eight martyrs of nearby Tel Hay (q.v.). The town, the only urban settlement of the valley, was founded in 1950 as an immigrants' transit camp (ma'abara) on the site of the former Arab village of Khalasah. Metulla, the northernmost settlement of Israel

Biblical Literature, The Third Letter of John

2005-02-09T06:28:00.000-08:00

III John, addressed to Gaius, shows that the writer is concerned about and has responsibility as presbyter for the missionaries of the church. It is somewhat of a short note concerned with church discipline, encouraging hospitality to true missionaries, and thus not unconnected with true doctrine and the command of love.

France, History Of, The end of Gaul (c. 400c. 500)

2005-02-08T21:58:00.000-08:00

From 395 the division of the Roman Empire between an eastern and a western half caused acute internal political stresses that encouraged barbarian penetration of the Danube region and even Italy. The Rhine frontier was again neglected, and the seat of the Gallic prefecture was moved to Arelate. The result was Germanic invasion and civil war. By 418, Franks and Burgundians

Ear Disease, Lop ear

2005-02-08T01:37:00.000-08:00

Lop ear, excessive protrusion of the ear from the side of the head, is a more frequent but less serious deformity of the outer ear. Surgery may be performed to bring the ears back to a more normal and less conspicuous position.

Moreau, Gustave

2005-02-07T21:46:00.000-08:00

The only influence that really affected Moreau's development was that of his master, Théodore Chassériau (1819–56), an eclectic painter whose depictions of enigmatic sea goddesses deeply impressed his student. In the Salon of 1853 he exhibited “Scene

Tableware

2005-02-06T08:49:00.000-08:00

Utensils used at the table for holding, serving, and handling food and drink. Tableware includes various types of containers (known as hollowware, q.v.), spoons and forks (flatware, q.v.), knives (cutlery, q.v.), and a variety of dishes and accessories.

Soissons, Louis De Bourbon, Count (comte) De

2005-02-06T06:49:00.000-08:00

The only son of Charles de Bourbon, he inherited his father's Soissons title in 1612. After taking the side of Marie de Médicis, the queen mother, in 1620, he served Louis XIII against the Huguenots in 1622. Later involved in intrigues against Cardinal

Biblical Literature, The Gospel According to Mark: background and overview

2005-02-04T18:26:00.000-08:00

Though the author of Mark is

Epistemology, St. Anselm of Canterbury

2005-02-04T09:07:00.000-08:00

The phrase St. Anselm of Canterbury (c. 1033–1109) used to describe his own project, namely, “faith seeking reason” (fides quaerens intellectum), well characterizes medieval philosophy as a whole. All the great medieval philosophers, Christian, Jewish, and Islamic alike, were also theologians. Virtually every object of interest was related to their belief in God, and virtually every

Constantine

2005-02-04T01:32:00.000-08:00

Constantine upheld Roman supremacy against the insubordination of Felix, archbishop of Ravenna. He received as a pilgrim King Cenred of Mercia, who became a monk at Rome (709). Constantine strongly objected to the canons, several of which opposed Roman customs, established by the largely eastern Trullan (or Quinisext) Council assembled under

Epistemology, Contemporary philosophy

2005-02-02T17:29:00.000-08:00

Contemporary philosophy begins in the late 19th and early 20th century. Much of what sets contemporary philosophy off from modern philosophy is its explicit criticism of the modern tradition and sometimes its apparent indifference to it. There are two basic strains of contemporary philosophy: Continental philosophy, which designates the philosophical style

Jablonec Nad Nisou

2005-02-02T13:13:00.000-08:00

German Gablonz An Der Neisse, city, Severoceský kraj (region), Czech Republic. It lies about 1,600 feet (500 m) above sea level in the upper valley of the Nis (Neisse) River, in the Giant Mountains (Krkonoše). It was populated mainly by Germans between World Wars I and II, when it was known as Gablonz an der Neisse. The cradle of the famed Bohemian glass industry, it makes all types of glass products from high-quality wares

Aldfrith

2005-02-02T05:26:00.000-08:00

King of Northumbria (685–704) and patron of literature. An illegitimate son of Oswiu, he succeeded to the throne when his brother Ecgfrith was killed at the Battle of Nechtansmere. Educated for the priesthood, he stimulated the growth of scholarship in Northumbria during his reign, producing conditions under which the historian Bede flourished.

Accused, Rights Of

2005-02-01T22:48:00.000-08:00

All legal systems provide, at least on paper, guarantees

Macdonald, Flora

2005-01-31T15:25:00.000-08:00

Scottish Jacobite heroine who helped Charles Edward, the Young Pretender, the Stuart claimant to the British throne, to escape from Scotland after his defeat in the Jacobite rebellion of 1745–46. The daughter of Ranald Macdonald, a tacksman or farmer of Milton in the island of South Uist (Hebrides),

Sete Lagoas

2005-01-31T10:53:00.000-08:00

City, central Minas Gerais estado (“state”), Brazil. Sete Lagoas lies in the highlands near the Espinhaço Mountains. It is a commercial centre for an agricultural region that raises corn (maize), feijão (beans), sugarcane, cassava, and rice, as well as livestock. Manufacturing and dairy and food-processing plants are in the city, which is on the Rio de Janeiro–Brasília highway

Juárez, Benito (pablo)

2005-01-30T20:27:00.000-08:00

National hero of Mexico, president of Mexico (1861–72), who, for three years (1864–67), fought against foreign occupation under the emperor Maximilian and who sought constitutional reforms to create a democratic federal republic.

Lancaster, Henry, 3rd Earl Of, Earl Of Leicester, Lord Lancaster

2005-01-30T14:06:00.000-08:00

After his brother's execution in 1322, Henry was so little suspected of opposing King Edward II that he was allowed possession of another of the family titles, the earldom of Leicester (1324). He held lands adjacent to the increasing possessions in South Wales of Edward II's

Alunite

2005-01-30T10:28:00.000-08:00

Also called Alum Stone, a widespread rock-forming sulfate mineral that occupies pockets or seams in volcanic rocks such as rhyolites, trachytes, and andesites, where it presumably formed through their chemical reaction with escaping sulfurous vapours. It has been used as a source of potash (during World War I) and as a source of alumina (during World War II); in Europe it was once used extensively

France, History Of, Religious discipline and piety

2005-01-28T14:10:00.000-08:00

One characteristic of the church in the 6th century was frequent councils to settle questions of doctrine and discipline. The conciliar institution declined, leading to liturgical anarchy and a moral and intellectual crisis among the clergy. Charlemagne and Louis the Pious attempted to impose a uniform liturgy, inspired by the one used at Rome. They also took measures

Alkalosis

2005-01-27T04:48:00.000-08:00

Abnormally low level of acidity, or high level of alkalinity, in the body fluids, including the blood. Metabolic alkalosis (also called alkalemia) results from either acid loss (which may be caused by severe vomiting or by the use of potent diuretics [substances that promote production of urine]) or bicarbonate gain (which may be caused by excessive intake of bicarbonate

Mauriac, Claude

2005-01-25T19:09:00.000-08:00

A son of the novelist François Mauriac, he was able to make the acquaintance of many notable French writers at his father's house and later during his career as a journalist.

Biblical Literature, The number of books

2005-01-25T14:38:00.000-08:00

The number of books in the Hebrew canon is thus 24, referring to the sum of the separate scrolls on which these works were traditionally written in ancient times. This figure is first cited in II Esdras in a passage usually dated c. 100 CE and is frequently mentioned in rabbinic (postbiblical) literature, but no authentic tradition exists to explain it. Josephus, a 1st century CE Jewish

Turkey, Foreign affairs since 1950

2005-01-25T00:29:00.000-08:00

Until the 1960s, Turkish foreign policy was wholly based on close relations with the West, particularly the friendship of the United States. Turkey sent troops to Korea and joined NATO (1952) and the Baghdad Pact (1955). This Western-oriented policy derived from fear of the Soviet Union, dependence on U.S. military and economic aid, and Turkey's desire to be accepted as a secular, democratic,

Chaffee, Roger B(ruce)

2005-01-23T10:52:00.000-08:00

After earning

Alapayevsk

2005-01-23T10:27:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Alapaevsk, city, Sverdlovsk oblast (province), west-central Russia, on the Neyva River. It is one of the oldest centres of the iron and steel industry in the Urals (an ironworks was established there in 1704). It also has machine-tool, timbering, and metalworking industries. Pop. (1991 est.) 50,300.

Wind Instrument, Reedpipes

2005-01-22T13:43:00.000-08:00

Egypt also made clarinets, instruments composed of two canes with three sides of a rectangle cut obliquely in the upper end of the two single reeds. The term idioglottic is used to describe a reed cut from the tube itself. From four to six equidistant finger holes are cut in each cane, and blowing with the entire reed engulfed in the mouth cavity produces a pungent, tremulous

Gymnasium

2005-01-22T10:18:00.000-08:00

Large room used and equipped for the performance of various sports. The history of the gymnasium dates back to ancient Greece, where the literal meaning of the word gymnasion was “school for naked exercise.” The gymnasiums were of great significance to the ancient Greeks, and every important city had at least one. These were usually built by the state and, from mere gathering

RoundSkirt

organic cotton goods

Zaharias, Babe Didrikson

Ribbon Worm

Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich

Adam, Adolphe

Gabon, Industry

Lee, Sammy

Biblical Literature, The patristic period

Hoisin Sauce

Grabbe, Christian Dietrich

Staff, Leopold

Simeon I

Sundance Kid

Sail

Spaniel

China, The barbarians: Tangut, Khitan, and Juchen

Swanton, John Reed

Aube River

Auerbach, Berthold

Adams, John

Holly

Charadriiform, Molt

Matthau, Walter

Fable, Parable, And Allegory, Diversity of forms

Endoscopy

Huitzilopochtli

Aschelminth

Confession Of Faith

Felsic Rock

Asbjørnsen, Peter Christen; And Moe, Jørgen Engebretsen

Asafetida

Tsuzumi

Auburn

West Liberty State College

Marsala

Ahmad Khan, Sir Sayyid

Stabiae

Levi Ben Gershom

Ringworm

I-ch'ang

Baikonur

Water Glass

Van Der Zee, James

Wolof

Force, Juliana Rieser

'umar I

Judaism, Martin Buber

Eckstine, Billy

Puu Kukui

Amritsar, Treaty Of

Wycherley, William

Tobogganing

Swabian Alp

Manaus

Pacific Ocean, Economic aspects

Murat River

South Ayrshire

South Ayrshire

Pumpkin

Angular Velocity

Wolf

Frame Story

Arabia, History Of, Dedan and Al-Hijr

Romany Language

Kekri

Proboscis Monkey

Mine

Giresun

Belasco, David

China, The practice of government

Bacchelli, Riccardo

Outremeuse, Jean D'

Qiryat Shemona

Biblical Literature, The Third Letter of John

France, History Of, The end of Gaul (c. 400c. 500)

Ear Disease, Lop ear

Moreau, Gustave

Tableware

Soissons, Louis De Bourbon, Count (comte) De

China, The barbarians: Tangut, Khitan, and Juchen

France, History Of, The end of Gaul (c. 400c. 500)